Category: Balance

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The Importance of Flexibility in Aging & Quality of Life

Movement is essential to good health. It improves cardiovascular health, and lowers the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and it can also boost mental health.

While research shows that cardiovascular and strengthening exercises can increase one’s lifespan, flexibility was largely left unaddressed. This led researchers in the current study to analyze whether flexibility plays a role in longevity.

Flexibility refers to, “the range of motion of muscle and connective tissues at a joint or group of joints.”It is important to maintain good flexibility in different areas of the body to avoid or reduce pain in areas such as the neck and lower back. When flexibility decreases, this can cause areas of the body not to work properly.

For example, if someone experiences lower flexibility in their hamstrings, this can lead to tight hamstrings. When this happens, it can cause pain in the thighs that can work its way up to the lower back and reduce mobility.

People can avoid losing flexibility with a daily stretching routine that targets specific areas of the body or by participating in yoga.

Checking Flexibilty across 20 Areas of the Body

The study utilized data collected from the CLINIMEX Exercise open cohort in Brazil. The researchers analyzed data from 3,139 middle-aged people (66% of the group were men) aged 46-65 years when they underwent their first exam.

At the participants’ first exams, the clinicians collected data on their BMI, vitals, and any health issues.

The clinicians also administered a flexibility test called the “Flexitest” that checked how flexible the participants were in 20 body joint movements:

  • ankle (two)
  • shoulder (five)
  • knee (two)
  • trunk (three)
  • wrist (two)
  • hip (four)
  • elbow (two)

They assigned a “Flexindex” score from 0 to 80 based on the flexibility of the participants. Each body movement could get a score from 0 to 4 on the 20 areas measured, and lower scores indicated lower flexibility.The clinicians assessed flexibility in several ways, including checking to see how far the participants could extend their elbows, checking their trunk flexion, and assessing how well their shoulders rotated.

The study lasted from March 1994 to February 2023, and the participants’ average follow-up period was approximately 13 years.After analyzing the data, the researchers found that people with better flexibility levels had better survival rates for deaths related to natural or non-COVID causes.

When comparing Flexindex scores between men and women, they found that women had generally higher scores compared to men. Women had a 35% higher Flexindex score on average.

Overall, the scientists saw a connection between higher Flexindex scores and improved mortality rates in both men and women.

When comparing the women with lower Flexindex scores to those with higher scores, the researchers saw that women with lower flexibility scores had a 4.78 times higher chance of dying. The men with lower Flexindex scores had a 1.87 times higher chance of dying compared to those with higher scores.

The study emphasizes the importance of physical fitness, especially in terms of focusing on flexibility and long-term health. It establishes that people—particularly middle-aged people—need to incorporate a daily routine that targets stretching and shows that doctors may need to focus on flexibility at annual physicals.

“An assessment of body flexibility using the Flexitest may serve as a useful complement to routine evaluation protocols for providing exercise recommendations and prescriptions to healthy and unhealthy middle-aged individuals,” write the authors.

From Medical News Today Excerpted from an article written by Erika Watts on August 26, 2024.

The findings appear in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

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The Motivation to Lose Weight? Part 3 of 3

This is the heart of the matter. Maintaining the intention ( to lose weight) is all about staying motivated and BEING PATIENT. The wins are little victories when you get on the, whichwhich is your ultimate scoreboard. The fear of a physical catastrophe in the form of cardiac stress can be the motivator. The decade of your 50s is also known as the “widow maker” years; the statistics bear this out. “The average amount of calories you consume daily over time must be less than the average that you burn or expend.

Being more than 15% overweight, as measured by height and body mass, is unhealthy. If you have the “Intention” to reduce your weight, this is the simple and honest truth.

If you think only about what you are eating and modify it, that is not getting at the root cause of weight gain. A better way to approach it is to count your calories and keep your diet healthy and simple. An egg is 60 calories. A piece of bread is 80 to 120 calories. Clean protein (both animal and vegetable) can provide 200-300 calories at meals. Of course, limiting the starches and sugars really help you achieve a moderate average caloric deficit .

Low section of people doing power fitness exercise at yoga class in fitness studio

Portion control and just as important is being in a community of others who share your intention (weight loss). This is why “Weight-Watchers” is so successful. It is about maintaining the intention and understanding that an average daily caloric deficit of 500 calories over 30 days (1 month) will result in a 4lb weight loss.

In my “Fit For Life” classes at the Clearwater YMCA, my members average 5,000 steps through endurance strength-training and aerobic stepping to music. An average of 400 calories can be burned in the 50-minute class. It is held 3 times per week.

Increasing your aerobic capacity (walking, dancing, and cycling) and, at the same time, improving your mood and clarity of thought is a part of winning at your intention and staying motivated.

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Fall Prevention in Seniors

I am a senior. I am a full-time caregiver to my spouse, Deborah. We have been together for 40 years. We live in the St Petersburg, Florida area, and we love it here. My intention to care for her and keep her physically active is not without its daily challenges. One of my greatest fears is that she will experience a nasty fall. She has fallen several times in the last five years, and thankfully her counter-reaction time enabled her to help break the falls. Her older sister was not as lucky. I know that the balance training we practice together is a critical factor in improving and maintaining her proprioception.

Helping Deborah maintain her physical well-being and coordinated neuromuscular fitness was my driving force in becoming a Senior Strength & Fitness specialist.   

According to the CDC, every second of every day, a person 65 or older falls. Every second of every day, an older adult (age 65+) suffers a fall in the U.S.—making falls the leading cause of injury and injury death in this age group. One out of four older adults will fall each year in the United States, making falls a public health concern, particularly among the aging population.

Facts About Older Adult Falls

However, most adult falls are largely preventable.

Known effective strategies for reducing the number of older adult falls include a multifactorial clinical approach (e.g., gait and balance assessment, strength and balance exercises, and medication review).

It is my intention to write and be an advocate for senior Health & Fitness and motivate you to improve your overall fitness, balance & active lifestyle choices.   For me, it’s personal.

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Study reveals how exercise turns back the clock in aging muscles (Senior Fitness & Health)

A new study investigates how exercise can help rejuvenate aging muscles.

  • Doctors call physical exercise a “polypill” because it can prevent and treat many of the chronic diseases that are associated with aging.
  • A new study of muscle fibers from mice and humans shows how exercise affects gene expression.
  • The exercise-induced changes “reprogram” the epigenetic expression of the fibers to a more youthful state.

Research shows that people who exercise regularly not only strengthen their muscles but also improve their overall health, regardless of how late in life they start.

For example, recent studies have found that exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, in older people.

Conversely, reductions in muscle mass and strength are associated with lower quality of life and higher mortality from all causes.

As a result of its proven ability to prevent and treat several chronic diseases at low cost, doctors have called exercise a drug-free “polypill” that can benefit nearly everyone.

“Exercise is the most powerful drug we have,” says Dr. Kevin Murach, assistant professor at the Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.

He believes that exercise should be considered a health-enhancing, potentially life-extending treatment, alongside medications and a healthy diet.

Scientists hope that a better understanding of how exercise rejuvenates aged muscle at a molecular level will provide clues for future anti-aging therapies.

“For individuals over 70, I highly recommend low-impact, full-body workouts with a focus on lower body and core,”

“Resistance training is not only suitable but highly recommended for those in their 70s and beyond,” he said.

“The key is starting slow and progressing slowly with consistency,”

“Walking is an activity that I recommend, along with resistance and mobility training,”

I recommend strength training at least two days a week and mobility training, including stretching, every day.

I teach “Fit For Life Classes” three days per week at the Suncoast YMCA, Clearwater, FL.

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Study finds fitness may reduce dementia risk by 33%

Fit group of people using exercise bike together in crossfit

A recent study concludes that cardiorespiratory fitness has links to the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders in later life. For the full article click here: https://bit.ly/36cCL1w

Dr. Kaiser noted that the Lancet Commission 2020 report on Dementia prevention, intervention, and care describes 12 modifiable risk factors linked to 40% of cases of dementia worldwide.

“If they have more genetic risk, my patients need to focus on their cardiorespiratory fitness as part of their overall brain-healthy lifestyle — meaning:

  • keeping physically fit
  • eating a healthy, balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
  • getting a good nights’ sleep
  • having meaningful relationships
  • maintaining a strong sense of social connectedness
  • avoiding excess alcohol
  • not smoking
  • having opportunities to restore and reduce stress through meditation and other forms of self-care.”

The full results of the research will be presented at theAmerican Academy of Neurology’s 74th Annual Meeting, which takes place in Seattle, April 2–7, 2022, and virtually April 24–26, 2022.

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Increasing Knee Flexion after a TKR (Total Knee Replacement)

Many individuals who undergo Total Knee Replacements (TKR’s) struggle to gain maximum flexion of 130-135 degrees. Many just are unable to go through the window of pain that is in front of them when they undergo Physical Therapy (PT). I talked to many people who are unable to ride a bicycle at all after 6 months post-op.

The video above is of me at Method Strength & Fitness, Seminole, FL, working on the Octane r6000 Recumbent Elliptical at 10 weeks post-op after my TKA on the right knee. This is my primary technique to improve and increase the bend angle.

I have been steadily increasing the maximum flexion at the top of the pedal stroke over the month. There is no doubt that one must endure a level of pain to keep increasing the flexion angle without revision surgery which only increases the rehab time. Riding a bicycle comfortably and safely requires a minimum of 120-125 degrees of knee flexion.

It is also important to have a well-designed stretching program that is performed a minimum of two times per day once the edema (swelling) has receded to a level that allows for both SMR (Self Myofascial Release) and proper stretching of the muscle groups of the leg.

In this video, I have achieved a flexion angle of 130. One must dance with lady pain utilizing your will and determination. If you really want it. The only way is “Through”.

You can call, text, or email me anytime. I will get back to you.

As the Romans used to say, “Carpe Diem!” Each day is the best gift.

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Flexibility & Balance Training

Health and fitness-related research has consistently sought to connect, or identify, benefits of exercise in older adults.    According to the American College of Sports Medicine physical aptitude is related to health through 5 basic components: body composition, aerobic fitness, strength, local muscular endurance, and flexibility. Among these, strength and flexibility are important variables of physical aptitude. Adequate levels are necessary for the promotion and maintenance of health and functional autonomy and safe and effective sports participation.

Some studies have been performed to investigate the influence that aerobic, strength, and flexibility training have in improving or increasing flexibility (increased range of motion) without pain on both Sedentary Men and Women.The studies strongly (statistically) indicate that a combined strength and flexibility protocol is best for improving total ROM (Range of Motion) in all arthro-kinetic complexes (joints).

The bottom line for those 50 and over is that an effective training program begins with an endurance training regimen that includes circuit strength- training, balance, and flexibility.

The rewards of such a program are very simple to understand. Greater range of motion, less pain, and with a diet plan; weightloss.  You will just feel better physically and emotionally.

The influence of strength, flexibility, and simultaneous training on flexibility and strength gains Roberto Simão 1, Adriana Lemos, Belmiro Salles, Thalita Leite, Élida Oliveira, Matthew Rhea, Victor Machado Reis J Strength Cond Res. 2011 May;25(5):1333-8

The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors: a systematic review     Urs Granacher 1, Albert Gollhofer, Tibor Hortobágyi, Reto W Kressig, Thomas Muehlbauer 
pages627–641(2013)

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Balance & Stabilization Training (BT) in Older Adults.

 Balance training has been demonstrated to be effective in improving balance and decreasing falls in cognitively intact older adults.  It has been confirmed in many clinical studies over the last decade that Balance Training (BT) is a very effective means to improve both functional and sport performance-related balance tasks over a relatively short period of time.

The Berg Balance Scale is a test used to measure and calculate a score based on a series of tasks  that are measured both quantitatively and quantitatively. It is used to access balance & mobility in physical therapy.

Proprioception is basically one’s ability to know about the movement of his or her own body part without having to look at it. … You can sharpen your proprioceptive (balance, agility) skills by practicing exercises that can help in preventing injuries to the body by making it adaptable to the changing environment.

Supervised balance training shows immediate benefit for older adults at fall risk. The long-term effects of such training can be enhanced by implementing a safe and simple home exercise program (HEP).  It is important to consult a Specialist in Senior Fitness to ensure the safety and effectiveness of your fitness program. It is an integral part of every training program that I create for my clients.

The Single Leg Balance Test
  1. Lacroix A, Kressig RW, Muehlbauer T, Gschwind YJ, Pfenninger B, Bruegger O,Granacher U. Effects of a Supervised versus an Unsupervised Combined Balance and Strength Training Program on Balance and Muscle Power in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Gerontology. 2016;62(3):275-88. doi:10.1159/000442087. Epub 2015 Dec 9. PMID: 26645282.
  2. Tisher K, Mann K, VanDyke S, Johansson C, Vallabhajosula S. Functional measures show improvements after a home exercise program following balance training in older adults with elevated fall risk. Physiother TheoryPract. 2019 Apr;35(4):305-317. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1444116. Epub 2018 Mar5. PMID: 29505321.
  3. Martínez-Amat A, Hita-Contreras F, Lomas-Vega R, Caballero Martínez I,Alvarez PJ, Martínez-López E. Effects of 12-week proprioception training program on postural stability, gait, and balance in older adults: a controlled clinical trial. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Aug;27(8):2180-8. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827da35f. PMID: 23207891.
  4. 14: Orr R, de Vos NJ, Singh NA, Ross DA, Stavrinos TM, Fiatarone-Singh MA. Power training improves balance in healthy older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006 Jan;61(1):78-85. doi: 10.1093/gerona/61.1.78. PMID: 16456197.

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It’s never too late to start exercising

Older people who have never taken part in sustained exercise programs have the same ability to build muscle mass as highly trained master athletes of a similar age, according to new research at the University of Birmingham.

Published in Frontiers in Physiology, researchers in the University of Birmingham’s School of Sport and Exercise Science compared muscle-building ability in two groups of older men. The first group was classed as ‘master athletes’ — people in their 70s and 80s who are lifelong exercisers and still competing at top levels in their sport. In the second were healthy individuals of a similar age, who had never participated in structured exercise programs.

The researchers had expected that the master athletes would have an increased ability to build muscle due to their superior levels of fitness over a prolonged period of time. In fact, the results showed that both groups had an equal capacity to build muscle in response to exercise.

The study clearly showed that it doesn’t matter if you haven’t been a regular exerciser throughout your life, you can still derive benefit from exercise whenever you start.

More specific guidance on how individuals can improve their muscle strength can be provided by professionals who specialize in strength and conditioning programs for older adults. Also, I always teach my clients activities that they can perform at home to improve their strength endurance, balance, and core as an adjunct to their written training and fitness program which is designed to help them achieve the goals we set together.


https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/08/190830082621.htm

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Increasing Quality Protein Intake Reduces the Effects of Sarcopenia in Older Adults

The loss of lean muscle mass occurring with advancing age is termed sarcopenia. This condition often leads to a concomitant loss of strength, increased frailty and risk of falls and an overall loss of functional independence in older adults..

Muscle protein balance is a dynamic process and is the difference between the body’s ability to make muscle protein versus the rate at which muscle protein breaks down.

It has been observed through clinical studies that older adults are more resistant to the production of muscle mass or what is referred to as resistance to the anabolic response. (the replacement of muscle).  The loss of this equilibrium leads to the loss of muscle mass, and this is a major factor in the development of sarcopenia.

This is part of the aging process.  The good news is that recent studies have investigated interventions to overcome this anabolic resistance.  In particular,

Combining a resistance Training program with increased  Quality Protein intake restored the anabolic (muscle-building response) in older men.  Recent studies have confirmed the same in older women.

.The present evidence strongly suggests that the loss of lean tissue in the elderly is exacerbated by low dietary protein intake.

 As such, protein supplementation may prove to be an effective approach to delay the loss of muscle mass with age and has led to calls for the recommended daily intake of protein to be increased for the older population.

The Conclusion

The present study indicates that a protein intake of 0.75g/ lb of body weight per day has the most beneficial effects in regard to preventing sarcopenia and weakness in conjunction with a total body resistance training program

So, if you weigh 150lb, you should be ingesting 110- 125g of quality protein a day. 100lbs; 70-80g per day.

I always recommend to my older clients that they supplement their diet in the mornings with a ready to drink (RTD) protein such as Boost®  or Ensure® that supplies quality Protein and adequate micronutrients as an effective anti-aging supplement. There are also vegetarian alternatives in this category.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25826683

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21529326

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30036990

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30475969

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